Surgery

Surgery is done to remove cancer cells and surrounding tissue. It is often combined with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. After surgery, the body needs extra calories and protein for wound healing and recovery. At this time, many people have some pain and fatigue. In addition, they may be unable to eat a normal diet because of surgery-related side effects. The body's ability to use nutrients may also be changed by removal of any part of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, or rectum.